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bidens pilosa
''Bidens pilosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family. It is native to the Americas but it is known widely as an introduced species of other regions, including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.〔(''Bidens pilosa''. ) Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). USFS.〕 Its many common names include black-jack, beggar-ticks, cobbler's pegs, and Spanish needle.〔〔〔(Flora of China, 鬼针草 gui zhen cao ''Bidens pilosa'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753. )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, Forbicina pelosa, ''Bidens pilosa'' L. ) includes photos and European distribution map〕〔(Atlas of Living Australia, Bidens pilosa L., Cobbler's Peg )〕
This plant is considered a weed in some tropical habitats. However, in some parts of the world it is a source of food or medicine.〔Grubben, G. J. H. & O. A. Denton. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.〕 For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, the tender shoots and young leaves are used fresh or dried as a leaf vegetable, particularly in times of scarcity.
==Description==
''Bidens pilosa'' is an annual forb of gracile habit, growing up to 1.8 meters tall. It grows aggressively on disturbed land and often becomes weedy. The leaves are oppositely arranged and pinnate in form with three to five dentate, ovate-to-lanceolate leaflets. The petioles are slightly winged.〔(Flora of North America, ''Bidens pilosa'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753. )〕
The plant may flower at any time of the year, but in temperate regions it blooms mainly in summer and autumn. Flowers are borne in small heads on relatively long peduncles. The heads bear about four or five broad white ray florets, surrounding many tubular yellow disc florets. The fruits are slightly curved, stiff, rough black rods, tetragonal in cross section, about 1 cm long, with typically two to three stiff, heavily barbed awns at their distal ends. The infructescences form stellate spherical burrs about one to two centimeters in diameter. The barbed awns catch onto fur or clothing, and can injure flesh. It is an effective means of seed dispersal by zoochory, as the seeds are transported by animals. This mechanism has helped the plant become a noxious weed in temperate and tropical regions.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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